Mark Prendergast

The Right to Know

Ombudsman Mark Prendergast answers reader questions about Stars and Stripes.

Column: The perils of not giving credit where credit is due

Somewhere along the way of my career, there was told a tale of an irascible old newspaper reporter renowned for crafting pitch-perfect leads, or opening paragraphs of a news story, that would all too often be followed by the instruction to editors back in the newsroom: "pick up wires here."

As far as the readers would know, the entire story was the fruit of his creative labors. Everyone else — editors, sources, competitors and the wire service reporters who had provided the bulk of the reporting published under his byline — would know it wasn’t.

But he could get away with it with a wink and a nod because that was the culture of journalism of that day. Thankfully, cultures change.

By the late 20th century, journalism standards had evolved to where most editors felt obliged to tack a little agate line onto a story acknowledging that some information had come from a source other than the reporter whose name was atop it: "With wire reports" or "The Associated Press contributed reporting" or somesuch.

Well, even that isn’t enough anymore.

With the rise of the Internet and several scorching scandals over integrity, journalists must realize that old practices like "lifting" passages, quotations or nuggets of information from other published work with only vague (or no) credit are simply no longer acceptable, not to mention too easy to detect.

Reporters and editors at Stars and Stripes were reminded of that the hard way in the past week.

Last Thursday night, Pentagon reporter Jeff Schogol wrote a draft of a bylined piece that on Friday was updated and expanded by an editor and that on Saturday was published under the headline "4,000 soldiers will be advisers in Afghanistan."

The editor in the Washington office, doing what editors do, had been keeping tabs on what other news outlets were reporting Friday morning. Two paragraphs in an early Washington Post account written by Karen DeYoung caught his eye. He copied them, inserted them unchanged into Schogol’s copy and then added a small-type tagline that read "The Washington Post contributed to this report."

The paragraphs said: "In a sign of the new importance the administration is placing on the mission, a brigade of the Army’s vaunted 82nd Airborne Division is being broken up into 10-to-14-member advisory teams, a Pentagon official said. Until now, the military has relied heavily on inexperienced National Guardsmen to fill out the teams.

"‘The change couldn’t be more dramatic,’ said retired Lt. Col. John A. Nagl, president of the Center for a New American Security, a nonpartisan defense think tank. ‘The 82nd Airborne Division is the nation’s shock force.’"

Moreover, when Schogol’s piece was posted on Stripes.com, the "contributed" tagline vanished into the ether.

I got an inkling that something was amiss Saturday afternoon, when into my mailbox popped a scathing note from an Army civilian in Georgia who works with returning guardsmen. The gratuitous phrase "inexperienced National Guardsmen" had infuriated him and, I would come to learn, numerous guardsmen around the world.

In a wave of angry e-mail, they noted — rightly — that guardsmen have long been serving with distinction in Iraq and Afghanistan and well before that in a host of other hazardous assignments that were not or could not be fully staffed by regular forces.

Schogol did not answer my e-mailed inquiry, but the editor of his story did, explaining in detail what had happened and accepting full responsibility for a "really dumb" lapse.

I expect everyone at Stripes will learn from this episode, which began with the best of intentions to bolster a news report and to credit a secondary source.

Still, a passage was lifted verbatim from the work of a reporter at another news organization and used in a bylined Stripes article without any indication of where those particular words or information had come from.

The passage contained an indirect quotation from an anonymous Washington Post source ("a Pentagon official"), a direct quotation from an outside expert (Col. Nagl) who appears to have been interviewed by the Post, and two subjective assessments that were not Schogol’s: the loaded generalization of National Guardsmen as "inexperienced" and the introductory phrase hailing the troop decision as "a sign of the new importance the administration is placing on the mission."

Had the editor, a seasoned and valued veteran, not been rushing the story through the editing process on deadline amid several other tasks, I am sure he would have been more judicious in the handling of those paragraphs. Alas, he wasn’t.

Thus, readers were left with no clue that the anonymous source was not Schogol’s, that he had not interviewed Nagl and that he had not described seasoned combat veterans as "inexperienced National Guardsmen" or that the troop decision was a "sign" of "new importance."

Stars and Stripes has a contractual arrangement with the Washington Post Co. to buy syndicated editorial content, which is typically published with full Post bylines and institutional credit. But the indeterminate "contributed to this report" tagline did not get the job done in this case. And that would be doubly true for material plucked from the Post’s Web site rather than from a story directly provided to Stripes by the Post.

The top editor of Stars and Stripes, Terry Leonard, told me that newsroom policy on attribution is being revised.

Here are some recommendations:

¶ Whenever practical, provide Stripes reporters with copies of their edited stories to review before publication or posting.

¶ Abandon the "contributed to this report" device for anything other than acknowledging modest staff contributions to an article. It’s otherwise meaningless.

¶ Don’t cite anonymous sources from other news organizations unless there is a compelling reason and the organizations are clearly associated with those sources. Likewise with subjective statements by outside reporters. Otherwise, their mistakes or excesses become our mistakes or excesses.

¶ Give our readers the latest and best information by continuing to mine other news outlets’ reporting, but be forthright about where information comes from. Treat any significant facts or exclusive or enterprise material garnered from other organizations the way we would any document or person we quote, and give credit in the body of the article itself: "The Washington Post reported" or so-and-so "told the Post" and so forth.

As the best editor I ever knew once told me: If we want people to credit our reporting, we must be meticulous in crediting theirs.

¶ Read The Washington Post story here.

Weasels

Let me see if I get this straight. A professional journalist from a reputable paper, unlike Stars and Stripes, would have either reported accurately or attributed the inaccurate statement about "inexperienced guardsmen" to someone else. In this instance Stars and Stripes did neither. After being chastised for its reporting that made it past the author, the copy editor, and the editor; the story was published. After being criticized Stars Stripes chose to write a weasel statement like this instead of owning up to their usual level of marginal at best competence. Stars and Stripes gave credit to a phantom organization only after it was called on the carpet for shoddy reporting.

As an "inexperinced National Guardsman" who has served nearly 3 years in Iraq and Afghanistan, and elsewhere, I take heart in knowing that Stars and Stripes will continue to act as a safe haven for weasel reporters who are only interested in attribution when it serves to save their own skins. I wish you continued success. Even cowards need a home. Your organization is a fine one for doing exactly that.

The State of American Journalism

Dear Mr. Prendergast,

In most of your articles you mention sloppy journalism and give examples illustrating your point. But moving outside the sphere of the Army and Stripes generally, you say nothing of (what I regard), as the collapse of independent, corporate free, gung-hoe free, American journalism.

May I draw your attention to the biggest scandal in recent history; the Judith Miller affair. Judith Miller from The New York Times has almost single-handedly, destroyed the reputation of American journalism. It was her shrill articles arguing for the existence of Iraq’s WMD’s, constructed around scraps of misinformation cleverly thrown her by the Bush administration that helped give the call for war an intellectual and cultural respectability – given the green light, by no less an authority, than The New York Times. Bush’s “smoking gun in the form of a mushroom cloud” was a Miller creation.

In the call for war, the American media genuflected, debased itself and groveled before the White House and the Pentagon. Anyone who disagreed or opposed the new neo-con masters was automatically branded as unpatriotic; or worse a traitor, or in the case of one (very good) four star general, who spoke the truth as to how many soldiers would be required to pacify Iraq – sacked.

The gear box of a car can only be fully understood in relation to the whole vehicle, likewise the decline of the American media and press; can only be understood in relation to how it has contributed (together with other aspects of society) to an overall moral, intellectual, political and social decline across the whole American spectrum. America has become a much harder unforgiving place to live. You may have noticed.

The main media outlets; the so-called “mainstream media”, is controlled by corporate giants. Just to mention the main ones: General Electric a corporate giant in the “military industrial complex”, controls; NBC, CNBC and MSNBC, Time Warner controls CNN, Viacom controls CBS, and our dear friend Rupert Murdoch and his News Corporation, controls the soldier’s favorite, (just kidding), FOX News. So if the media outlets are in the pockets of these moguls, what sort of “news” are you going to get?

On 26 July 1920, this appeared in the Baltimore Evening Sun.

“As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart’s desire at last and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron.”
H. L. Mencken

Mencken (a writer that many Americans don’t even know existed because he comes from an America that no longer exists), was simply predicting the decline of the American body politic that we have already experienced and lived through. This was predicted also by the Founding Fathers amongst themselves, after one too many glasses of port. But when such (kickass) passages of intellectual integrity once again see the light of day, the Republic will free itself from the shackles of a gutless press, and be once again, in safe hands.

Americans must answer the question: what is America, or what do you want America to be, a Republic or an empire? You can’t have both. An empire is easy: you just have someone from Texas tell you what to do. (And there are a lot more where that came from.) A Republic requires dedication, work, and a politically educated and informed electorate.

The financial meltdown may bring America’s empire building days to an abrupt halt. Either that or the dollar loses its status as world reserve currency. The Chinese or OPEC; may decide that they don’t want the dollar any more. If that happens, Americans will lose an empire overnight, but will have the chance to rediscover their own soul. In this the media, (hopefully having rediscovered its own soul), can play a leading, educating, and important part in rediscovering America. If not, it’s game over, certainly for the Republic, and probably a lot more.

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About the ombudsman

Congress created the post in the early 1990’s to ensure that Stars and Stripes journalists operate with editorial independence and that Stars and Stripes readers receive a free flow of news and information without taint of censorship or propaganda.

The ombudsman, appointed to a three-year term, serves as an autonomous watchdog of Stars and Stripes’ First Amendment rights. Anyone who fears those rights are imperiled should alert the ombudsman.

The ombudsman is also the readers’ representative to the newsroom. Readers who think an issue or event was misrepresented or ignored or who feel complaints were not properly addressed by Stripes reporters or editors should contact the ombudsman.

The ombudsman can be reached via e-mail at ombudsman@stripes.osd.mil , by phone at (202) 761-0945 or by mail at 529 14th St. NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20045-1301.

Mark J. Prendergast has been a newspaper reporter, editor and columnist since the 1970’s and has covered conflicts in Central America, the Caribbean and the Middle East.

He spent nearly 13 years as an editor at The New York Times and earlier worked for The New York Daily News, The Washington Post and The South Florida Sun-Sentinel.

He holds journalism degrees from Columbia University and Ohio State University, which he attended on the G.I. Bill. Prendergast, a former Scripps Howard Visiting Professional at Ohio University, is a journalism professor at St. John’s University in New York City.

A former Army sergeant, he served with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment in Vietnam and the 14th ACR during the Cold War in what was then West Germany.

He succeeded Dave Mazzarella as Stripes ombudsman in January 2009.

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